An intestinal infection called shigellosis, caused by Shigella bacteria, is increasingly being transmitted through sexual contact, raising concerns among health experts. The infection can cause bloody diarrhoea, stomach cramps, fever and vomiting. It spreads when tiny particles of infected faeces enter the mouth, including through contaminated food, poor hand hygiene or certain sexual activities.

Research published in July highlighted the growing role of sexual transmission, while concerns are mounting over antibiotic-resistant strains. Some forms of Shigella are becoming increasingly difficult to treat, limiting the effectiveness of commonly used antibiotics. Men who have sex with men are among the groups at greater risk, particularly through oral-anal contact, anal sex, contaminated sex toys or contact with infected bodily areas.

Symptoms can include diarrhoea containing blood or mucus, abdominal pain, fever, nausea and a persistent feeling of needing to use the toilet. Although many people recover within three to seven days, severe cases can lead to dehydration and other complications. Anyone experiencing serious symptoms or diarrhoea that does not improve should contact a healthcare professional, who can determine whether testing or treatment is needed.

There are several ways to reduce the risk of infection. Health experts recommend avoiding sex with anyone who has recently had diarrhoea, using condoms and dental dams, cleaning sex toys thoroughly and washing hands carefully. People who become infected should avoid sexual contact until at least a week after symptoms have stopped, notify relevant partners and follow medical advice. Good hygiene, safer-sex practices and appropriate medical care are especially important as antibiotic resistance continues to grow.